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Wool fibres are semi-translucent. That is they both reflect and transmit incident light. In the absence of any pigmentation (colour) they absorb little of the incident white light and therefore appear white in colour.

In 2001, research was undertaken by AWTA Ltd and the South Australian Research & Development Institute (SARDI) on contamination of Merino wool caused by contact with exotic sheep breeds. A key outcome of this research was that contamination from this source is detectable in the core-samples routinely used for Yield & Micron testing – thus allowing a test to be developed for woolgrowers. This test used the Dark Fibre Detector originally developed by CSIRO for detecting contamination in wool tops.